Characterizing the Role of Iodine Doping in Improving Photovoltaic Performance of Dye‐Sensitized Hierarchically Structured ZnO Solar Cells

We report two novel types of hierarchically structured iodine‐doped ZnO (I? ZnO)‐based dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs) using indoline D205 and the ruthenium complex N719 as sensitizers. It was found that iodine doping boosts the efficiencies of D205 I? ZnO and N719 I? ZnO DSCs with an enhancement of 20.3 and 17.9 %, respectively, compared to the undoped versions. Transient absorption spectra demonstrated that iodine doping impels an increase in the decay time of I? ZnO, favoring enhanced exciton life. Mott–Schottky analysis results indicated a negative shift of the flat‐band potential (V_fb) of ZnO, caused by iodine doping, and this shift correlated with the enhancement of the open circuit voltage (V_oc). To reveal the effect of iodine doping on the effective separation of e^?‐h⁺ pairs which is responsible for cell efficiency, direct visualization of light‐induced changes in the surface potential between I? ZnO particles and dye molecules were traced by Kelvin probe force microscopy. We found that potential changes of iodine‐doped ZnO films by irradiation were above one hundred millivolts and thus significantly greater. In order to correlate enhanced cell performance with iodine doping, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, incident‐photon‐current efficiency, and cyclic voltammetry investigations on I? ZnO cells were carried out. The results revealed several favorable features of I? ZnO cells, that is, longer electron lifetime, lower charge‐transfer resistance, stronger peak current, and extended visible light harvest, all of which serve to promote cell performance.     

纳米SO42-/ZrO2的合成及其在酯交换反应中的催化性能

采用两步晶化-后浸渍法合成了纳米SO₄^2-/ZrO₂固体酸催化剂,并考察了其在植物油与甲醇酯交换反应中的催化性能。XRD、N₂吸附-脱附和TEM等结果表明,经过600℃焙烧,催化剂仍保持单一四方相,粒径大小为5~10 nm,比表面积为137 m²·g^-1,孔径为3.6 nm。NH₃-TPD结果表明,随着焙烧温度升高,催化剂表面的酸含量和酸强度逐渐增加,超强酸含量的增加,更有利于反应在温和条件下进行。在酯交换反应中,当醇油物质的量之比为20：1,反应温度为135℃,反应时间为6 h,600℃焙烧后催化剂用量为5%（w/w）时,植物油能够完全转化为脂肪酸甲酯。与传统的SO₄^2-/ZrO₂催化剂相比,该催化剂在低温反应条件下具有更高的催化性能和良好的重复使用性。     

基于自由基配体的Dy(Ⅲ)配合物的设计、合成、结构及磁性

以氮氧自由基为配体,合成了2例未见文献报道的氮氧自由基-稀土配合物[Dy（hfac）₃（NIT-C₃H₅）（H₂O）]与[Dy（hfac）₃（NIT-C₃H₅）]_n（hfac=六氟乙酰丙酮,NIT-C₃H₅=2-环丙烷基-4,4,5,5-四甲基-2-咪唑啉-3-氧化-1-氧基自由基）。单晶结构分析表明配合物1为单核结构,单斜晶系P2₁/c空间群;配合物2为一维结构,单斜晶系P2₁/c空间群。交流磁化率测试结果表明配合物2虚部表现出频率依赖,这表明配合物2是单链磁体。     

CoSAPO-34分子筛的合成、表征及其光催化脱氮性能

利用水热合成法,以三乙烯四胺（TETA）为模板剂,正硅酸乙酯、磷酸、氢氧化铝及乙酸钴为原料,合成了CoSAPO-34分子筛。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、粉末X射线衍射（XRD）、热重（TG）、N2吸附-脱附和紫外-可见漫反射光谱（UV-Vis DRS）等方法对合成的分子筛进行表征。以吡啶-正辛烷体系为模拟油品对分子筛催化剂的脱氮效果进行评价,考察了样品的用量、光催化时间及循环催化次数对其脱氮性能的影响。结果表明：当合成原料的物质的量之比为n_P2O5：n_AL2O3：n_SiO2：n_Co：n_TETA=1：0.26：0.82：0.81：2.05,在200 ℃晶化24 h,合成得到粒径约为50 μm、仍保持了SAPO-34分子筛的骨架结构、形貌为立方体的CoSAPO-34分子筛,而且该分子筛具有较好的热稳定性。在500 W氙灯光照条件下反应150 min,样品对质量分数为100 μg·g^-1模拟油品的脱除率达到70%,循环3次光催化脱氮活性基本保持不变。     

Enantiomeric separations of four basic drugs containing N-alkyl groups by a RP-HPLC system using SBE-β-CD as chiral mobile phase additive

The chiral separations of four pharmaceutical racemates which contain N-alkyl groups were satisfactorily resolved using SBE-β-CD as a chiral mobile phase additive(CMPA)in a RP-HPLC system(the resolution is 2.701 for ondansetron hydrochloride,1.996 for sulpiride,1.293 for clenbuterol hydrochloride and 0.816 for omeprazole).In addition,the effects of different parameters such as CD type and CD concentration were investigated.The separation mechanism arises through the combination of several potential interactions,including electrostatic interactions as well as hydrogen bonding interactions and hydrophobic inclusion interactions,which allow for the SBE-β-CD–drug complexation with strong stereoselectivity and stability.The resolution also relates to the number and location of N atoms in the enantiomers.This method will be applicable to the isolation of various types of biologically important enantiomers containing N-alkyl groups.     

Surface Modification of Bituminous Coal and Its Effects on Methane Adsorption

This paper studied the role of O‐containing groups over the coal surface in methane adsorption. The coal was modified with H₂SO₄, (NH₄)₂S₂O₈ or H₂SO₄/(NH₄)₂S₂O₈), respectively, to introduce O‐containing functional groups, and characterized by proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, Boehm titration, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and nitrogen adsorption. The results of ultimate analysis, Boehm titration and XPS indicate that there were increases in terms of both the content of oxygen and the quantities of O‐containing groups over the modified coals surface, especially for the carboxyl. Nitrogen adsorption shows that the modified coals possessed higher surface area and pore volume than that of 0‐XQ. The methane adsorption data were measured at 298 K at pressures up to 4.0 MPa by the volumetric method and fitted well by Langmuir model. Experimental results implied that O‐containing groups and pore structure affected methane adsorption. The adsorption capacities decreased as increasing quantities of O‐containing groups.     

BaHfO3：Ce粉体活化能对烧结透光性影响

用正、反向共沉淀法制备了BaHfO₃：Ce粒子;用XRD、TG-DTA、SEM等测试手段对样品的物相、形貌及发光性能进行了表征;在不同升温速率条件下研究了粒子合成动力学。结果表明：由正向和反向沉淀法得到的前驱体物相变化分3个阶段,用Doyle-Ozawa和Kissinger法分别计算了各阶段的表观活化能,其平均值分别为83.41、61.70、262.11kJ·mol^-1和81.70、42.86、253.44kJ·mol^-1,计算正反向沉淀法样品的晶粒生长活化能分别为27.36kJ·mol^-1和23.07kJ·mol^-1;反向法的样品分别在530nm波长下的激发光谱和399nm波长的发射光谱的相对发光强度优于正向法,在2073K真空烧结保温3h获得具有一定透光性的BaHfO₃：Ce透明陶瓷。     

超细YF3与GdF3纳米晶的合成及其上转换发光

当使用液固溶法（LSS法）制备分散性纳米晶时,将传统油酸/油酸钠/酒精反应体系中的NaOH用氨水取代时,氨水将会与油酸形成新的表面活性剂油酸铵,这样就可以合成各种超细分散性的REF₃纳米晶（RE代表稀土元素）。在这种新的反应体系中,合成了平均直径小于10nm的YF₃和GdF₃超细颗粒,X射线与透射电镜测试表明YF₃是正交相,而GdF₃是面心立方结构,空间群为Fm3m,晶格常数为0.5829nm。在980nm半导体激光器激发下,可检测到YF₃：Yb/Er在515~570nm处有较强的绿色发光峰、645~675nm处有较强的红色发光峰,呈橙色发光。YF：Yb/Tm和GdF₃：Yb/Tm样品在460~490nm处有较强的蓝色发光峰,而在800nm附近有更强的近红外发光峰。由于其超细的尺寸及红外上转换发光特性,合成的样品在生物成像,生物标签等方面有潜在的应用价值。     

MFI/BEA双沸石复合物的合成及其在甲烷选择性还原NOx中的应用

以合成的β沸石固液混合物作为ZSM-5沸石的部分原料制备了含有ZSM-5和β沸石的双相沸石复合物MFI/BEA。采用XRD, FTIR, 吡啶红外, NH₃-TPD, TEM, SEM和氮吸附-脱附等对合成的材料进行了表征。结果表明后合成的ZSM-5沸石在β沸石内部孕育生长, MFI/BEA双沸石复合物中两相沸石的组成比例可以通过控制第二步晶化时间来进行有效调控;与单一的Co-ZSM-5或Co-β相比, 通过离子交换法制备的Co-基复合催化剂Co-MFI/BEA在富氧条件下甲烷选择催化还原NO反应中具有高活性和高的稳定性, 并且表现出较好的抗SO₂毒化性能和良好的可逆性。